中国大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度与强震构造区力学特征研究     

侍文  陈石  韩建成  李红蕾  卢红艳 《地震》2021,41(1):1-12

研究中国大陆强震区岩石圈力学特性对理解该区强震孕育环境及发生机理具有重要意义。 岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_e)及初始载荷比(F)与大陆岩石圈力学特征紧密相关。 本文利用导纳和相关函数联合反演方法以及贝叶斯最优参数估计方法, 基于全球最新的WGM2012重力异常数据、 ETOPO1地形数据和CRUST1.0 模型的Moho面深度数据, 计算中国大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度 (T_e) 和初始载荷比 (F)。 通过对比分析, 探索该地区岩石圈T_e、 F、 T_e梯度和F梯度对强震孕育环境的影响作用。 本文发现, 强震构造区岩石圈一般具有较低的T_e值、 较高的T_e和F梯度值。 结果表明, 岩石圈综合力学强度较低且力学强度和内部载荷变化剧烈的地区, 往往更有利于强震的孕育。  相似文献   

Anisotropic attenuation of stratified viscoelastic media     

Jing Zeng  Alexey Stovas  Handong Huang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2021,69(1):180-203

An important cause of seismic anisotropic attenuation is the interbedding of thin viscoelastic layers. However, much less attention has been devoted to layer‐induced anisotropic attenuation. Here, we derive a group of unified weighted average forms for effective attenuation from a binary isotropic, transversely isotropic‐ and orthorhombic‐layered medium in the zero‐frequency limit by using the Backus averaging/upscaling method and analyse the influence of interval parameters on effective attenuation. Besides the corresponding interval attenuation and the real part of stiffness, the contrast in the real part of the complex stiffness is also a key factor influencing effective attenuation. A simple linear approximation can be obtained to calculate effective attenuation if the contrast in the real part of stiffness is very small. In a viscoelastic medium, attenuation anisotropy and velocity anisotropy may have different orientations of symmetry planes, and the symmetry class of the former is not lower than that of the latter. We define a group of more general attenuation‐anisotropy parameters to characterize not only the anisotropic attenuation with different symmetry classes from the anisotropic velocity but also the elastic case. Numerical tests reveal the influence of interval attenuation anisotropy, interval velocity anisotropy and the contrast in the real part of stiffness on effective attenuation anisotropy. Types of effective attenuation anisotropy for interval orthorhombic attenuation and interval transversely isotropic attenuation with a vertical symmetry (vertical transversely isotropic attenuation) are controlled only by the interval attenuation anisotropy. A type of effective attenuation anisotropy for interval TI attenuation with a horizontal symmetry (horizontal transversely isotropic attenuation) is controlled by the interval attenuation anisotropy and the contrast in the real part of stiffness. The type of effective attenuation anisotropy for interval isotropic attenuation is controlled by all three factors. The magnitude of effective attenuation anisotropy is positively correlated with the contrast in the real part of the stiffness. Effective attenuation even in isotropic layers with identical isotropic attenuation is anisotropic if the contrast in the real part of stiffness is non‐zero. In addition, if the contrast in the real part of stiffness is very small, a simple linear approximation also can be performed to calculate effective attenuation‐anisotropy parameters for interval anisotropic attenuation.  相似文献   

An efficient and self‐adaptive approach for Q value optimization          下载免费PDF全文

Gulan Zhang  Ximing Wang  Zhenhua He 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(1):280-291

The time‐invariant gain‐limit‐constrained inverse Q‐filter can control the numerical instability of the inverse Q‐filter, but it often suppresses the high frequencies at later times and reduces the seismic resolution. To improve the seismic resolution and obtain high‐quality seismic data, we propose a self‐adaptive approach to optimize the Q value for the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation. The optimized Q value is self‐adaptive to the cutoff frequency of the effective frequency band for the seismic data, the gain limit of the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation, the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation function, and the medium quality factor. In the processing of the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation, the optimized Q value, corresponding gain limit, and amplitude compensation function are used simultaneously; then, the energy in the effective frequency band for the seismic data can be recovered, and the seismic resolution can be enhanced at all times. Furthermore, the small gain limit or time‐variant bandpass filter after the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation is considered to control the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and the time‐variant bandpass filter is based on the cutoff frequency of the effective frequency band for the seismic data. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the self‐adaptive approach for Q value optimization is efficient, and the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation with the optimized Q value produces high‐resolution and low‐noise seismic data.  相似文献   

非线性有效压力计算   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

肖文联  李闽  赵金洲  赵世旭 《地球物理学报》2013,56(8):2808-2817

根据Robin关于有效压力的定义,结合Bernabé推测的孔隙压p_p和围压p_c图中的渗透率等值线变化形态,提出了一种新的非线性渗透率有效压力计算方法.用新方法和Bernabé切线有效压力计算方法对以往和本次实验的12块低渗岩芯的实验数据进行了处理分析,结果表明新方法和Bernabé方法计算得到的有效压力在p_p和p_c图中的渗透率等值线为直线时才相等.当等值线为曲线时,二者计算得到的有效压力不一样.新方法计算出的测试点的有效压力与渗透率的关系表现出更好的一一对应关系.为了进一步验证文章计算有效压力方法的有效性,用指数和乘幂两种函数分别拟合二种有效压力计算方法得到的有效压力与渗透率之间的关系.拟合结果表明,新方法得到的有效压力与渗透率的拟合效果优于用Bernabé方法计算得到的有效压力与渗透率拟合效果.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西部古近系储层裂缝有效性的影响因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾联波  巩磊  祖克威  唐小梅  王铁成  王成刚  许文国 《地质学报》2012,86(11):1809-1814

古近系盐湖相裂缝性泥灰岩储层是柴达木盆地西部地区的重要储层类型,储层中发育剪切裂缝、纵张裂缝、顺层滑动裂缝和成岩裂缝4种类型。裂缝普遍被方解石、石膏或钙芒硝等充填,裂缝的有效性对储层评价十分重要。有效裂缝不仅提供了储层的重要储集空间和主要渗流通道,还决定了油气的富集规律和储层的潜在生产能力。裂缝的有效性主要受裂缝形成时间、溶蚀作用、第四纪以来的构造抬升剥蚀作用、异常流体高压作用、膏盐层分布和断层的活动性等因素控制。晚期形成的裂缝有效性更好;溶蚀作用可明显地增加裂缝的有效性;第四纪以来的构造抬升剥蚀作用和异常流体高压作用可使裂缝重新裂开,使裂缝的有效性变好;离膏盐层越远,裂缝的有效性越好。裂缝的有效性与现今地应力方向关系不密切,主要受断层活动的影响,与主断层平行的裂缝有效性最好。  相似文献   

有效储层物性下限和产能约束下深层碎屑岩储层多参数分类评价方法          下载免费PDF全文

王艳忠  操应长  远光辉  王淑萍 《地质科学》2012,47(2):483-498

合理的储层分类评价方法对深层碎屑岩储层的油气勘探具有重要的意义。以东营凹陷古近系深层碎屑岩储层为研究对象,总结了一套适合于深层碎屑岩储层的"有效储层物性下限和产能约束下碎屑岩储层多参数分类评价方法",即在储层特征和有效储层物性下限研究的基础上,以孔隙度差值和渗透率差值为对比评价参数,分析有效储层发育的主控因素,通过不同控制因素的耦合对储层进行综合分类,以单井经济产能为约束,评价不同类型储层的经济潜力,并采用多种图件叠合的方法预测有效储层分布规律。研究表明,东营凹陷古近系沙河街组深层主要发育湖底扇、近岸水下扇和洪水—漫湖等储集砂体,发育常压、弱超压、中超压及强超压4种压力系统,主要处在中成岩A₁亚期、中成岩A₂亚期和中成岩B期。在控制有效储层发育的各因素中,沉积作用是最重要的控制因素,成岩作用受控于沉积作用和地层压力。综合考虑有效储层的控制因素,将东营凹陷古近系沙河街组深部储层划分为4类8亚类,以单井经济产能为约束的评价表明,其中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ₁亚类及部分Ⅱ₂亚类储层为优质储层; 部分Ⅱ₂亚类、Ⅲ₁亚类储层为中等有效储层; Ⅱ₃、Ⅲ₂及Ⅲ₃亚类储层实施酸化压裂后部分为低等有效储层; Ⅳ类储层为非有效储层。  相似文献   

Prediction of cyclic resistance ratio for silty sands and its applications in the simplified liquefaction analysis     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2013

Liquefaction resistance of granular soils is commonly characterized by the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) in the simplified shear stress procedure of liquefaction potential assessment. This parameter is commonly estimated by cyclic tests on reconstituted samples or empirical correlations between liquefied/non-liquefied case histories. The current study employs results of cyclic triaxial tests on reconstituted soil specimens and presents a predictive equation for cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of clean and silty sands. The CRR equation is a function of relative density, effective mean confining pressure, non-plastic fines content, number of harmonic cycles for liquefaction onset, and some other basic soil properties. It is demonstrated that the developed relationship obtains reasonable accuracy in the prediction of laboratory-based CRR. Based on the developed CRR model, new relationships are then presented for the coefficient of effective overburden pressure (K_σ) and magnitude scaling factor (MSF), two important modification factors in the simplified shear stress procedure. These new modification factors are then compared with those recommended by previous researchers. Finally, the possible application of the proposed CRR model in field condition is shown for a specific case. This study provides a preliminary insight into the liquefaction resistance of silty sands prior to the complementary laboratory studies.  相似文献   

An Improvement of Long Baseline System Using Particle Swarm Optimization to Optimize Effective Sound Speed     

Jian Huang  Shenggang Yan 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(5):439-456

Abstract

In long baseline (LBL) positioning system, errors due to uncertain sound speed are the major facts to its positioning accuracy. In this study, the problem is solved by setting acoustic signal travels between the target and different hydrophones with different sound speed and using particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the multi-parameter optimization problem to obtain the sound speeds. Presented simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the LBL system compared to existing algorithms and its computational efficiency is high enough.  相似文献   

非接触式六自由度运动测量与分析方法   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

杨建民顾海粟  姚美旺肖龙飞 《海洋工程》1999,17(2)

本文提供了一种非接触式六自由度运动测量与分析方法。首先应用位置测量仪（ＰＳＤ）对安置在模型上的红外线发光源（ＬＥＤ）进行测量,然后用所编制的软件计算出模型的六个自由度运动情况。该方法避免了接触式测量仪对模型作用一定的力而产生的误差,同时具有较高的位置解析度与频率响应能力,测量结果精度较高。该方法可同时测量空间三个点的运动坐标从而可用计算机求得模型在空间的六个自由度运动情况。测量与分析结果令人满意。  相似文献   

大型风电场群风电场布局间距的模型研究     

陈伯龙  高晓清  左洪超  汪宁渤  刘磊 《高原气象》2012,31(6):1746-1752

利用边界层理论和梯度输送原理,依据动量守恒定律,在大气中性层结条件下建立了风电场的动量吸收模型和风电场下游的动量补偿模型,计算出风电场尾流距离。参照实际风电场布局规模和风机几何参数设计数值试验,并对尾流距离与这些参量之间的关系进行了初步分析。结果表明,风电场尾流距离随风机直径、风塔高度、风机行数和风机动能利用系数的增加而增大,随地表粗糙度和风机列间距的增加而减小,并且这一距离不受风速和风机列数的影响。  相似文献